1) Commissioner’s Report
On the Offer or Sale of Securities by Permit under Corporations Code Section 25113
December 2015
California Department of Business Oversight
2) Introduction
Corporations Code section 25113(d) requires the Department of Business Oversight (DBO)
to prepare an annual report summarizing data collected from small corporations granted
permits to offer and sell securities pursuant to section 25113’s other provisions. The
report must include the following information:
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A summary of the general categories of investments for which permits were
approved
The minimum, maximum and average net worth required of permit holders
The least stringent and most stringent suitability standards imposed on persons
issued permits for each category
The experience requirements imposed
The total dollar amount of money sought to be raised per category
The number and nature of enforcement actions taken against permit holders
Any other information deemed relevant by the Commissioner of Business Oversight
(Commissioner).
Data and Summary from 2014
Generally, under the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 (Corporations Code section 25000
et seq.), the offer and sale of a security requires either a permit from the DBO or an
exemption from the permit requirement. A total of 139 permits were issued under
Corporations Code section 25113 in 2014.
General Categories of Investment
In 2014, the DBO issued securities permits in the following categories of investment:
agriculture, church debt, church extension fund, cooperative, employee compensation, food
and drink, manufacturing, membership, microlender, mobile home park, mortgage, mutual
water company, oil and gas, real estate, technology and other.
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3) The table below breaks down the number of permits issued by category of investment:
Category of Investment
Number of Permits Issued
Agriculture
1
Church Debt
13
Church Extension
33
Cooperative*
7
Employee Compensation
1
Food and Drink
2
Manufacturing
3
Membership**
12
Microlender
14
Mobile home park
13
Mortgage
10
Mutual Water Company
7
Oil and Gas
2
Real Estate
9
Real Estate Investment Trust
0
Technology
7
Other***
5
Total
139
*The category “cooperative” includes home improvement stores, grocers and professional services providers.
**The category “membership” includes social and sports club memberships.
***The category “other” includes charity, community development, mortuary, project and stock management,
schools and wholesaler.
Investor Suitability Standards
The Commissioner has broad discretion under the Corporate Securities Law of 1968 to set
standards for the offer and sale of securities. The Commissioner may require investors to
meet specific qualifications related to experience, level of financial responsibility, tax status
or any other criteria the Commissioner deems necessary.1 These “investor suitability”
standards are imposed as needed and depend on the securities issued. As reflected in the
table below, both the least stringent and most stringent standards varied by category of
investment. For some investment categories, no investor suitability standard was imposed.
In other words, the issuer was permitted to offer and sell the securities in an “open
qualification” to the public generally.2 When investor suitability standards were imposed,
the Commissioner in most cases restricted the offer and sale of the securities to persons
1
2
Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.01.
Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.001, subd. (f).
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4) having a minimum gross income and minimum net worth, or limited the percentage of net
worth a person could invest. The table below sets out by category of investment the least
and most stringent suitability standards imposed by the Commissioner in 2014.
Category of Investment
Least Stringent Standard
Most Stringent Standard
Agriculture*
Cooperative
Cooperative
Church Debt
Must be affiliated with the church
Church Extension
No suitability standard imposed
Cooperative
No suitability standard imposed
Must be affiliated with the church
$70,000 net worth + $70,000 gross
income, or $250,000 net worth plus 10%
net worth cap on investment
$75,000 net worth + $50,000 gross
income, or $150,000 new worth
Employee Compensation
Must be an employee of the
company
Must be an employee of the company
Food and Drink
No suitability standard imposed
$75,000 net worth + $50,000 gross
income, or $150,000 net worth plus 10%
net worth cap on investment
Manufacturing*
No suitability standard imposed
$250,000 net worth + $65,000 gross
income, or $500,000 net worth
Membership**
No suitability standard imposed
$500,000 net worth + $100,000 gross
income, or $1,000,000 net worth
Microlender
No suitability standard imposed
$250,000 net worth + $65,000 gross
income, or $500,000 net worth
Mobile home park
No suitability standard imposed
Mortgage
Must be a California resident plus
10 % net worth cap
Mutual Water Company
Member or resident who receives
water from the mutual water
company
Oil and Gas
Must be an existing shareholder
Must be a current resident of the mobile
home park
$250,000 net worth + $65,000 gross
income, or $500,000 net worth plus 10%
net worth cap on investment
Member or resident who receives water
from the mutual water
company
Must be a member of the company and
a crude oil producer
$250,000 net worth + $65,000 gross
income, or $500,000 net worth
$250,000 net worth + $65,000 gross
Technology
No suitability standard imposed
income, or $500,000 net worth plus 10%
net worth cap on investment
$75,000 net worth + $50,000 gross
Other***
No suitability standard imposed
income, or $150,000 net worth plus 10%
net worth cap on investment
*The category “cooperative” includes home improvement stores, grocers and professional services providers.
**The category “membership” includes social and sports club memberships.
***The category “other” includes charity, community development, mortuary, project and stock management,
schools and wholesaler.
Real Estate
Must be an accredited investor
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5) Standards for Issuers or Sponsors
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Experience Requirements for Persons Issued Permits
The securities permit application requires the issuer to explain the applicant’s business
experience. The DBO evaluates that explanation along with other information provided in
the application. The Corporate Securities Law of 1968 imposes no experience requirement
that applies to all issuers. However, regulations promulgated by DBO set experience
standards for issues or sponsors in the Real Estate Program3 and in oil and gas offerings.4
In a real estate program, the general partner of the sponsor must have at least two years of
relevant real estate experience or other experience relevant to acquiring and managing the
types of properties sought by the program.5 Additionally, any affiliate providing service to
the program must have no less than four years of relevant experience in the kind of service
being rendered, or otherwise demonstrate knowledge and experience to render the
proposed services.6
In an oil and gas offering, the general partner or its chief operating officers must have at
least three years relevant oil and gas experience demonstrating the knowledge and
experience to manage the operations.7 Additionally, the general partner or any affiliate
providing services to the program must have at least four years relevant experience in the
services being rendered or otherwise demonstrate sufficient knowledge and experience to
perform the services proposed.8
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Net Worth Requirements for Persons Issued Permits
Although Corporations Code section 25113(d) requires the report to include the
“…minimum, maximum, and average net worth required of those persons to whom permits
are issued for each category,” the Commissioner generally does not require specific net
worth or minimum capital requirements of the issuer or sponsor unless required to do so
by specific rule. In that regard, regulations governing REITs (Real Estate Investment
Trusts), 9 Real Estate Programs, 10 and Oil and Gas Interests 11 specify net worth
requirements.
Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.111.1.
Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.122.1.
5 Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.111.1.
6 Id. Where good cause is shown, and the individual characteristics of specific programs warrant it, certain
guidelines may be modified or waived by the Commissioner. Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10 § 260.140.110.1 subd. (a)
and (b).
7 Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.122.1.
8 Id.
9 Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.91.
10 Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.111.2.
11 Cal. Code Regs., tit. 10, § 260.140.122.2.
3
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6) Below is a summary of the minimum, maximum and average net worth of persons to whom
permits were issued in 2014:
Agriculture*
Church Debt
Minimum Net Worth
(in dollars)
22,227,547
190,816
Maximum Net Worth
(in dollars)
22,227,547
54,473,557
Average Net Worth
(in dollars)
22,227,547
16,108,453
Church Extension
1,022.93
190,195,008
28,434,214
Cooperative**
996,501
168,555,000
54,625,236
Employee Compensation*
11,089,509
11,089,509
11,089,509
Food and Drink
1,000
1,000
1,000
Manufacturing
3,066,962
11,286,666,667
3,766,941,046
Membership***
-28,687,430
3,332,987,000
314,646,874
Microlender
321,587
92,542,471
22,8701,858
Mobile home park
Mortgage
-641,590
130,555
22,684,063
8,532,423
3,051,889
2,271,987
Mutual Water Company
293,217
21,113,398
5,897,392
Oil and Gas
10,160,889
10,160,889
10,160,889
Real Estate
-31,716
7,210,182
1,852,407
Technology
-10,027,000
26,807,000
2,394,861
Category of Investment
Other****
-1,767,844
230,846,000
64,049,618
*There was only one permit issued under this category
**The category “cooperative” includes home improvement stores, grocers and professional services
providers.
***The category “membership” includes social and sports club memberships.
****The category “other” includes charity, community development, mortuary, project and stock
management, schools and wholesaler.
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7) Total Dollar Amount Sought to be Raised
Below is a summary of the minimum, maximum and total dollar amount issuers requested
to raise applications filed in 2014, by category:
Agriculture*
Minimum Dollar
Amount Raised (in
dollars)
200,000
Maximum Dollar
Amount Raised (in
dollars)
200,000
Total Dollar
Amount Raising in
CA (in dollars)
200,000
Church Debt
125,000
100,000,000
227,230,000
Church Extension
2,000,000
750,000,000.00
2,988,115,000
Cooperative**
18,792
3,750,000
10,252,792
Employee Compensation*
2,000,000
2,000,000
2,000,000
Food and Drink
600,000
650,000
1,250,000
Manufacturing
500,000
4,990,000
8,290,000
Membership***
550,000
318,200,000
698,180,000
Microlender
300,000
100,000,000
579,268,000
Mobile home park
60
21,000,000
25,590,360
Mortgage
1,700,000
200,000,000
620,700,000
Mutual Water Company
2,500
162,200
290,333
Oil and Gas
20,000
5,118,000
5,138,000
Real Estate
100,000
100,000,000
350,100,000
Technology
3,000,000
194,210,205
505,466,205
Category of Investment
Other****
375,000
21,684,000
27,009,000
*There was only one permit issued under this category
**The category “cooperative” includes home improvement stores, grocers, and professional services
providers.
***The category “membership” includes social and sports club memberships.
****The category “other” includes charity, community development, mortuary, project and stock
management, schools, and wholesaler.
Enforcement Actions
There were no new enforcement actions taken against any of the issuers who received a
permit in 2014 under section 25113.
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