Appendix Table A.2
Variable Definitions
Stock volatility
Calculated from CRSP using the square root of the sum of squared daily returns over the year.
To adjust for differences in the number of trading days, the raw sum is multiplied by 252 and
divided by the number of trading days.
σ(ROA)
Calculated from Compustat using the standard deviation of firms quarterly ROA for the year.
Quarterly ROA is calculated as niqt / atqtâ€1.
Ln(Cash)
Calculated from Compustat using ln(ch).
Cash/assets
Calculated from Compustat using ch/at.
Indicator for
acquisition
Calculated using SDC's Mergers and Acquisitions Database.
Indicator equal to one if the firm does an acquisition.
# of acquisitions
Calculated using SDC's Mergers and Acquisitions Database. Number of acquisitions a firm does.
Deal value / (Market
cap of acquirer in tâ€1)
Calculated using SDC's Mergers and Acquisitions Database. Total deal value of completed acquisitions in a year
divided by firms lagged market capitalization, where market capitalization is measured as csho × prcc_c
# of diversifying
acquisitions
Calculated using SDC's Mergers and Acquisitions Database. Number of acquisitions a firm does where its
primary SIC industry does not coincide with any SIC code of the target firm.
Cash flows/assets
(oiadp †accruals) / at, where accruals = (actt †acttâ€1) †(chet †chetâ€1) †(lctt †lcttâ€1) + (dlct †dlctâ€1) †dp
Debt/assets
Calculated from Compustat using (dltt + dlc)/at.
Altman zâ€score
Calculated from Compustat using (3.3 × oiadp + 0.999 × sale + 1.4 × re + 1.2 × wcap) / at
Dividend indicator
Calculated from Compustat using indicator that equals 1 if dvc > 0
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