S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged, capitalization weighted index comprising publicly traded common stocks issued by companies in various industries. The S&P 500 Index is widely recognized as the leading broad-based measurement of changes in conditions of the U.S. equities market. S&P GSCI Commodity Index is a composite index of commodity sector returns representing an unleveraged, longonly investment in commodity futures that is broadly diversified across the spectrum of commodities and serves as a measure of commodity performance over time. Standard Deviation is a measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data, the higher the deviation.

Standard deviation is calculated as the square root of variance. Standard deviation is also known as historical volatility and is used by investors as a gauge for the amount of expected volatility. Tokyo Stock Price Index is an index that measures stock prices on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). Trough is the stage of the economy's business cycle that marks the end of a period of declining business activity and the transition to expansion. © 2016 Salient. All rights reserved.

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