1) 1.877.84 3.3831
What is an ETF?
An ETF is a unique investment vehicle that combines
some of the features of mutual funds, with some
of the features of individual stocks. Like a mutual
fund, an ETF gives investors exposure to a group
of securities (“index basket” or “alpha basket”) in a
single transaction. Like a stock, ETFs are traded on
an exchange, which allows investors the ability to
set limit orders and stop orders to better control their
purchase or sales price.
Individual Stocks
Mutual Funds
• Transparent
• Traded Throughout
The Day
• Flexible Trading
Structure
• Market Exposure
• Risk Management
• Professional Money
Management
How an ETF Operates
Portfolio Manager
Retail
Investor
Primary Offering
of Fund Shares
Financial
Advisor
ETF Shares
Broker/Dealer
Cash
ETF Shares
Broker/Dealer
Hedge Fund/
Institutional Investor
Specialists &
Market Makers
Authorized Participants
Secondary Market: NYSE Arca
Basket of Securities
(creation/redemption units)
..in kind exchange for...
ETF Portfolio
ETF Shares
(25K or 100K ETF Shares)
ETF Shareholders
Secondary Market
Participants
• Retail investors working with Financial
• Broker-Dealers, Specialists, Market
Advisors to buy or sell (or sell short)
ETF Shares
• Hedge Funds or Institutional Investors
buy or sell (or sell short) ETF shares.
Institutional investors may assist in the
efficient pricing of ETFs by arbitraging
any premiums or discounts in the ETF
price during the day
Portfolio Buys/Sells
Makers, and Authorized Participants
(APs) work together to ensure
liquidity and efficient pricing by
creating or redeeming ETF shares
• APs may assist in the efficient
pricing process by arbitraging any
premiums or discounts in the ETF
price during the day
ETF Share
Creation/Redemption
• Process between ETF and AP to
create and redeem ETF shares
• “In kind transfer” not considered a
taxable event to the shareholders
AdvisorShares • 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 150 • Bethesda, Maryland 20814
www.advisorshares.com
2) 1.877.84 3.3831
ETFs and Stocks
Pricing
Liquidity
Common Stocks
Shares of individual stocks are purchased
and sold through major exchanges or
over-the-counter. The level of demand and
the corresponding availability of a stock is
the primary factor behind a stock’s price.
The number of shares available is fixed
and prices fluctuate based on investor
demand.
For individual stocks, liquidity and price are based
on demand. With a limited number of shares
available, buyers and sellers of a stock control the
price. If a shareholder wishes to sell their shares,
he/she attempts to find a buyer willing to pay. If no
buyer exists the seller reduces the price to find a
buyer. Conversely, higher demand for the stock
would push the share price higher.
ETFs
While price for both individual stocks and ETFs are market driven, the factors that weigh into the price changes
are different. The table below discusses the main differences in pricing and liquidity of stocks and ETFs,
although other differences exist.
Shares of ETFs are created in large
quantities by the ETF and authorized
participant (AP). The AP will create as
many shares as the market demands.
The creation units usually mirror the
holdings in the ETF, whose underlying
stocks are priced every 15 seconds. The
value of these stocks is totaled to provide
the intraday indicative value. Due to the
arbitrage process for APs, the trading
price of an ETF is normally close to the
indicative value.
The AP facilitates how many shares of the ETF
are available. This allows the AP to support the
supply and demand process. If an ETF seller does
not have a buyer, the price will not necessarily go
lower. In a situation where more sellers exist than
buyers, the AP can redeem shares removing them
from the market and balancing the supply with the
demand. The opposite would occur in a situation
where more buyers are present. Rather than
driving the ETF price higher, the AP will create
more ETF shares to accommodate the demand.
The Arbitrage Process
While the price difference between the ETF and the underlying stocks indicative value is often small, some
APs attempt to profit from the difference by offering shares of the ETF at a discount or premium to the intraday
NAV. For example: if one AP sets an asking price of an ETF at $20 a share and the underlying stocks value is
$21, another AP could purchase and redeem the shares while turning a $1 per share profit. Since this would
result in a $1 per share loss for the first AP, it is beneficial for ETFs to trade at or very near the intraday indicative value as it prevents the APs from creating an unfair market for the ETF shares.
AdvisorShares • 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 150 • Bethesda, Maryland 20814
www.advisorshares.com
3) 1.877.84 3.3831
Creating and Redeeming ETF Shares
In order to create new shares or redeem existing shares an ETF requires an Authorized Participant (AP). The
AP establishes a contractual agreement with the ETF to create or redeem large quantities of ETF shares. The
AP is the only entity who trades directly with the ETF.
In order to create new ETF shares the AP transfers a basket of securities to the ETF. The basket of securities
represents the same securities being tracked
by the ETF’s corresponding index. The
Creation/redemption units range from approximately 50,000
basket of securities being transferred to
the ETF is referred to as a creation unit. In
to 100,000 ETF shares, however AdvisorShares has obtained
return, the ETF will transfer ETF units to the
exemptive relief to have 25,000 share creation units on some
AP. The transaction is considered an “in-kind
Funds, which would allow an AP to hold a smaller amount of
transfer” and therefore has no cost and is
shares in inventory (reducing the AP’s holding risk).
not considered a taxable event to the ETF
shareholder.
The process is reversed when an AP is redeeming existing shares of an ETF. The AP transfers the ETF units
back to the ETF, called a redemption unit. In return the ETF transfers the corresponding specific basket of
securities back to the AP.
In-kind transfer
AP
Basket of
Securities
New Units Are Created
ETF Units
Basket of
Securities
ETF
AP
Existing Units are Redeemed
In-kind transfer
ETF Units
AdvisorShares • 4800 Montgomery Lane, Suite 150 • Bethesda, Maryland 20814
www.advisorshares.com
ETF
4) 1.877.84 3.3831
Fund Shareholders
Any investor with a brokerage account can purchase shares of an ETF. It is this type of availability that makes
ETFs attractive for some investors, although commission costs exist with each buy and sell. Additional shareholder benefits include:
• Increased Liquidity - Investors can buy or sell ETFs any second of the trading day; however ETFs are only as liquid as
their underlying securities
• Transparency - Allows investors to make more educated investment decisions
• Trading Flexibility - Shareholders can hedge, buy on margin, purchase options (if available), and sell short
Tax Efficiency
Unlike mutual funds, where investors are responsible for taxes on capital gains, many ETF do not make taxable capital gain distributions. Transactions between the AP and the ETF are transferred in-kind and therefore
do not generate a taxable gain or loss for the shareholder.
Since the transactions will not be taxed it is benefical to transfer the lower basis securities. However, at times
it is advantages to sell high-basis securities at a loss in order to harvest losses to offset the taxable gains from
that year. By balancing the cost basis, the ETF may be a tax efficient investment strategy.
In-kind transfer of
low-cost shares
Basket of
Securities
AP
Existing Units are Redeemed
In-kind transfer
ETF
Retains higher-cost
basis shares
ETF Units
Before investing you should carefully consider the Funds’ investment objectives, risks, charges and
expenses. This and other information is in the prospectus, a copy of which may be obtained by visiting
the Funds’ website at www.AdvisorShares.com. Please read the prospectus carefully before you invest.
Foreside Fund Services, LLC, Distributor.
An investment in the Funds is subject to risk, including the possible loss of principal amount invested. The risks
associated with each Fund include the risks associated with the underlying ETFs, which can result in higher volatility, and are detailed in each Fund’s prospectus and on each Fund’s webpage.
Alpha measures the difference between a fund’s actual returns and its expected performance, given its level of
risk (as measured by beta).
AdvisorShares
4800 Montgomery Lane
Suite 150
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
1.877.843.3831